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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/117002
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Acute consumption of walnuts and walnut components differentially affect postprandial lipemia, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and cholesterol efflux in humans with mild hypercholesterolemia |
Author: | Berryman, C. Grieger, J. West, S. Chen, C. Blumberg, J. Rothblat, G. Sankaranarayanan, S. Kris-Etherton, P. |
Citation: | The Journal of Nutrition, 2013; 143(6):788-794 |
Publisher: | American Society for Nutrition |
Issue Date: | 2013 |
ISSN: | 0022-3166 1541-6100 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Claire E. Berryman, Jessica A. Grieger, Sheila G. West, Chung-Yen O. Chen, Jeffrey B. Blumberg, George H. Rothblat, Sandhya Sankaranarayanan, Penny M. Kris-Etherton |
Abstract: | Walnut consumption improves cardiovascular disease risk; however, to our knowledge, the contribution of individual walnut components has not been assessed. This study evaluated the acute consumption of whole walnuts (85 g), separated nut skins (5.6 g), de-fatted nutmeat (34 g), and nut oil (51 g) on postprandial lipemia, endothelial function, and oxidative stress. Cholesterol efflux (ex vivo) was assessed in the whole walnut treatment only. A randomized, 4-period, crossover trial was conducted in healthy overweight and obese adults (n = 15) with moderate hypercholesterolemia. There was a treatment × time point interaction for triglycerides (P < 0.01) and increased postprandial concentrations were observed for the oil and whole walnut treatments (P < 0.01). Walnut skins decreased the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) compared with baseline (P = 0.02) such that a difference persisted between the skin and oil treatments (P = 0.01). The Framingham RHI was maintained with the oil treatment compared with the skins and whole nut (P < 0.05). There was a treatment effect for the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) (P < 0.01), and mean FRAP was greater with the oil and skin treatments compared with the nutmeat (P < 0.01). Cholesterol efflux increased by 3.3% following whole walnut consumption in J774 cells cultured with postprandial serum compared with fasting baseline (P = 0.02). Walnut oil favorably affected endothelial function and whole walnuts increased cholesterol efflux. These 2 novel mechanisms may explain in part the cardiovascular benefits of walnuts. |
Keywords: | Endothelium, Vascular Cell Line Macrophages Humans Juglans Nuts Hypercholesterolemia Obesity Cholesterol Dietary Carbohydrates Lipids Dietary Fats Dietary Proteins Diet Oxidative Stress Energy Intake Heart Rate Postprandial Period Adult Middle Aged Female Male Overweight |
Rights: | © 2013 American Society for Nutrition. |
DOI: | 10.3945/jn.112.170993 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.170993 |
Appears in Collections: | Animal and Veterinary Sciences publications Aurora harvest 3 |
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