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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/12215
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Evidence for biosynthesis of pseudophrynamine alkaloids by an Australian myobatrachid frog (Pseudophryne) and for sequestration of dietary pumiliotoxins |
Author: | Smith, B. Tyler, M. Kaneko, T. Garraffo, H. Spande, T. Daly, J. |
Citation: | Journal of Natural Products, 2002; 65(4):439-447 |
Publisher: | Amer Chemical Soc |
Issue Date: | 2002 |
ISSN: | 0163-3864 1520-6025 |
Statement of Responsibility: | B. P. Smith, M. J. Tyler, T. Kaneko, H. M. Garraffo, T. F. Spande, and J. W. Daly |
Abstract: | Australian myobatrachid frogs of the genus Pseudophryne have only two classes of alkaloids in skin extracts, pseudophrynamines (PSs) and pumiliotoxins (PTXs). The former are unique to such Australian frogs, while the PTXs occur worldwide in all other genera of frogs/toads that contain lipophilic alkaloids. The major alkaloid of wild-caught frogs from one population of Pseudophryne semimarmorata was PTX 267C, while PSs were only minor or trace alkaloids. Captive-raised frogs from the same parental stock had no PTXs, but had larger amounts of PSs. A PTX fed to captive-raised frogs accumulated into skin along with dihydro and hydroxy metabolites. Thus, Pseudophryne frogs appear to biosynthesize PSs, but to sequester into skin dietary PTXs. In addition, biosynthesis of PSs appears reduced when high levels of dietary PTXs have accumulated into skin. This is the first evidence indicating that certain frogs are capable of synthesizing rather than merely sequestering alkaloids. A wide range of PSs, including many with molecular weights >500, were detected using both GC-mass spectral and LC-mass spectral analysis. |
Keywords: | Skin Animals Anura Alkaloids Indoles Amphibian Venoms Molecular Structure Australia Female Male Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Insecta |
Rights: | Copyright © 2002 American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy |
DOI: | 10.1021/np010506a |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np010506a |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 7 Ecology, Evolution and Landscape Science publications |
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