Schizotypal personality and latent inhibition: exploring the role of working memory

Abstract

A recently developed within-subject measure of latent inhibition has found an association between highly schizotypal individuals and abnormal learning of pre-exposed stimuli, suggesting that these individuals do not down-regulate their attention to irrelevant stimuli. Subsequent studies that have replicated the design have reported varying results – this may be a result of failing to consider potential mediators. In the present study, we explored the role of working memory, schizotypy and latent inhibition using the aforementioned within-subject design. Notably, the design was corrected for potentially confounding instructions. Participants (N = 62) completed a latent inhibition task in which reaction time responses to pre-exposed and non-pre-exposed cues were measured. Participants also completed two working memory tasks and a schizotypal personality questionnaire. Results revealed mixed support for our predictions. Regression analysis confirmed that there was enhanced learning about pre-exposed cues associated with schizotypy, however there was no significant association found with working memory. Unexpectedly, results also indicated a relation with enhanced learning about non-pre-exposed stimuli, suggesting the potential influence of other executive functions that may facilitate the processing of excess stimuli. Findings from this study further validate this new latent inhibition design and provide implications for understanding schizotypal personality and schizophrenia.