Body and intestinal growth of broiler chicks on a commercial starter diet. 2. Development and characteristics of intestinal enzymes

Abstract

1. Investigations were conducted into the development of intestinal enzyme function in broiler chickens on a commercial starter diet. The differences between intestinal regions and localisation of enzymes on the villus were assessed. 2. The specific activity of maltase, sucrase, aminopeptidase N (APN) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) at all intestinal sites decreased with age. There were also variations between intestinal sites although this variation depended on age. The specific activity of maltase was higher than that of the other enzymes examined, regardless of age and intestinal site. The total activities of the enzymes also increased with age at all intestinal sites. 3. Results of the localisation of enzymes on the crypt: villus axis showed that activity was expressed over a large proportion of the villus. There was an increase in the total villus activity of alpha-glucosidase (AG), APN and AP with age. Activity per unit villus surface area was similar between ages, except for jejunal AP. At hatch enzyme activity was expressed over 44.1, 55.8 and 63.3% of villus height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively. At 21 d of age, corresponding values were 68.7, 65.6 and 77.2%. The point of peak activity from the crypt: villus junction increased with age. In the jejunum, most enterocytes were capable of secreting active enzymes within 1 h of formation. Cells maintained their secretory capabilities until they were more than 60 h old in the case of AG. 4. Although the specific activities of the enzymes were maximal at hatch, the digestive capacity of older birds may be sustained by an increase in total enzyme activity brought about by increased surface area. The pattern of enzyme activity along the gastrointestional tract (GIT) and crypt: villus axis is similar to that reported for some mammalian species.