Risky business: a single-centre cross-sectional analysis of calculated cardiovascular risk in patients with primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension

Abstract

Objectives Primary aldosteronism (PA), the most common endocrine cause of hypertension, is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than blood pressure (BP)-matched essential hypertension (EH). We aimed to compare the calculated risks of CVD in patients who had hypertension with PA or EH using CVD risk calculators, hypothesising that they will fail to recognise the increased CVD risk in PA. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting An endocrine hypertension service in Victoria, Australia. Participants Patients who had hypertension without CVD referred for the investigation of hypertension. Outcome measures Calculated 5-year or 10-year CVD risk as predicted by the National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance (NVDPA) algorithm, Framingham Risk Score, Pooled Cohort Equations and QRISK3. Results Those with PA (n=128) and EH (n=133), did not differ significantly in their calculated CVD risks with the NVDPA algorithm (moderate-to- high 5-year risk 36/100 vs 45/99, p=0.17); the Framingham Risk Score (median 10-year risk 7.72% (4.43%–12.95%) vs 6.84% (3.85%– 10.50%), p=0.14); the Pooled Cohort Equations (median 10-year risk 9.45% (4.36%–15.37%) vs 7.90% (2.09%– 14.73%), p=0.07); and QRISK3 (median 10-year risk 11.31% (7.22%–20.29%) vs 12.47% (5.10%–19.93%), p=0.51). Similarities persisted on regression analyses accounting for systolic BP. Conclusions CVD risk algorithms do not reflect the increased risk of CVD in patients with PA, and likely underestimate the true risk of CVD among those with PA. Screening for PA, in addition to using the CVD risk algorithm in patients who had hypertension, may facilitate the targeted treatment of PA and minimisation of cardiovascular risk in affected individuals.