Potential abiotic stress targets for modern genetic manipulation.

Abstract

Research into crop yield and resilience has underpinned global food security, evident in yields tripling in the past five decades. The challenges that global agriculture now faces are not just to feed 10+ billion people within a generation, but to do so under a harsher, more variable and less predictable climate, and in many cases with less water, more expensive inputs and declining soil quality. The challenges of climate change are not simply to breed for a "hotter drier climate", but to enable resilience to floods and droughts and to frosts and heat waves, possibly even within a single growing season. How well we prepare for the coming decades of climate variability will depend on our ability to modify current practices and innovate with novel breeding methods, and to communicate and work with farming communities to ensure viability and profitability. Here we define how future climates will impact farming systems and growing seasons, thereby identifying the traits and practices needed and including exemplars being implemented and developed. Critically, this review will also consider societal perspectives and public engagement about emerging technologies for climate resilience, with participatory approaches presented as the best approach.