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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/17254
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | Effect of an energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet relative to a conventional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on weight loss, body composition, nutritional status, and markers of cardiovascular health in obese women |
Author: | Noakes, M. Keogh, J. Foster, P. Clifton, P. |
Citation: | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005; 81(6):1298-1306 |
Publisher: | Amer Soc Clinical Nutrition |
Issue Date: | 2005 |
ISSN: | 0002-9165 1938-3207 |
Abstract: | <h4>Background</h4>Limited evidence suggests that a higher ratio of protein to carbohydrate during weight loss has metabolic advantages.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective was to evaluate the effects of a diet with a high ratio of protein to carbohydrate during weight loss on body composition, cardiovascular disease risk, nutritional status, and markers of bone turnover and renal function in overweight women.<h4>Design</h4>The subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 isocaloric 5600-kJ dietary interventions for 12 wk according to a parallel design: a high-protein (HP) or a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet.<h4>Results</h4>One hundred women with a mean (+/-SD) body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 32 +/- 6 and age of 49 +/- 9 y completed the study. Weight loss was 7.3 +/- 0.3 kg with both diets. Subjects with high serum triacylglycerol (>1.5 mmol/L) lost more fat mass with the HP than with the HC diet (x +/- SEM: 6.4 +/- 0.7 and 3.4 +/- 0.7 kg, respectively; P = 0.035) and had a greater decrease in triacylglycerol concentrations with the HP (-0.59 +/- 0.19 mmol/L) than with the HC (-0.03 +/- 0.04 mmol/L) diet (P = 0.023 for diet x triacylglycerol interaction). Triacylglycerol concentrations decreased more with the HP (0.30 +/- 0.10 mmol/L) than with the HC (0.10 +/- 0.06 mmol/L) diet (P = 0.007). Fasting LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, and C-reactive protein concentrations decreased with weight loss. Serum vitamin B-12 increased 9% with the HP diet and decreased 13% with the HC diet (P < 0.0001 between diets). Folate and vitamin B-6 increased with both diets; homocysteine did not change significantly. Bone turnover markers increased 8-12% and calcium excretion decreased by 0.8 mmol/d (P < 0.01). Creatinine clearance decreased from 82 +/- 3.3 to 75 +/- 3.0 mL/min (P = 0.002).<h4>Conclusion</h4>An energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet provides nutritional and metabolic benefits that are equal to and sometimes greater than those observed with a high-carbohydrate diet. |
Keywords: | Bone and Bones Adipose Tissue Humans Cardiovascular Diseases Obesity Weight Loss Creatine Creatinine Dietary Carbohydrates Dietary Fats Triglycerides Dietary Proteins Diet, Reducing Body Composition Energy Intake Nutritional Status Adult Middle Aged Female Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, HDL Biomarkers |
DOI: | 10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1298 |
Published version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.6.1298 |
Appears in Collections: | Aurora harvest 6 Obstetrics and Gynaecology publications |
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