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https://hdl.handle.net/2440/23847
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Type: | Journal article |
Title: | L-Tartaric acid synthesis from vitamin C in higher plants |
Author: | DeBolt, S. Cook, D. Ford, C. |
Citation: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 2006; 103(14):5608-5613 |
Publisher: | Natl Acad Sciences |
Issue Date: | 2006 |
ISSN: | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
Statement of Responsibility: | Seth DeBolt, Douglas R. Cook, and Christopher M. Ford |
Abstract: | The biosynthetic pathway of L-tartaric acid, the form most commonly encountered in nature, and its catabolic ties to vitamin C, remain a challenge to plant scientists. Vitamin C and L-tartaric acid are plant-derived metabolites with intrinsic human value. In contrast to most fruits during development, grapes accumulate L-tartaric acid, which remains within the berry throughout ripening. Berry taste and the organoleptic properties and aging potential of wines are intimately linked to levels of L-tartaric acid present in the fruit, and those added during vinification. Elucidation of the reactions relating L-tartaric acid to vitamin C catabolism in the Vitaceae showed that they proceed via the oxidation of L-idonic acid, the proposed rate-limiting step in the pathway. Here we report the use of transcript and metabolite profiling to identify candidate cDNAs from genes expressed at developmental times and in tissues appropriate for L-tartaric acid biosynthesis in grape berries. Enzymological analyses of one candidate confirmed its activity in the proposed rate-limiting step of the direct pathway from vitamin C to tartaric acid in higher plants. Surveying organic acid content in Vitis and related genera, we have identified a non-tartrate-forming species in which this gene is deleted. This species accumulates in excess of three times the levels of vitamin C than comparably ripe berries of tartrate-accumulating species, suggesting that modulation of tartaric acid biosynthesis may provide a rational basis for the production of grapes rich in vitamin C. |
Keywords: | Idonate dehydrogenase transcriptional profiling organic acid biosynthesis Vitis vinifera |
Description: | © 2006 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA |
DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.0510864103 |
Published version: | http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/103/14/5608 |
Appears in Collections: | Agriculture, Food and Wine publications Aurora harvest 2 |
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