Bacteriophage ST64B, a genetic mosaic of genes from diverse sources isolated from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT 64

Abstract

<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>The complete sequence of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of the<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica</jats:italic>serovar Typhimurium ST64B bacteriophage was determined. The 40,149-bp genomic sequence of ST64B has an overall G+C content of 51.3% and is distinct from that of P22. The genome architecture is similar to that of the lambdoid phages, particularly that of coliphage λ. Most of the putative tail genes showed sequence similarity to tail genes of Mu, a nonlambdoid phage. In addition, it is likely that these tail genes are not expressed due to insertions of fragments of genes related to virulence within some of the open reading frames. This, together with the inability of ST64B to produce plaques on a wide range of isolates, suggests that ST64B is a defective phage. In contrast to the tail genes, most of the head genes showed similarity to those of the lambdoid phages HK97 and HK022, but these head genes also have significant sequence similarities to those of several other dsDNA phages infecting diverse bacterial hosts, including<jats:italic>Escherichia</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Pseudomonas</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Agrobacterium</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Caulobacter</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Mesorhizobium</jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Streptomyces.</jats:italic>This suggests that ST64B is a genetic mosaic that has acquired significant portions of its genome from sources outside the genus<jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic>.</jats:p>